数据结构 五 AVL 平衡二叉树
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AVL 平衡二叉树
最近在写一个数据库引擎,需要学习一下 B-TREE 的知识,我一看,之前学习数据结构的时候才学习到 AVL 树,这可不行,得加紧学习了,所以今天的任务就是将AVL树弄明白。
ADT
平衡二叉树AVLTree和二叉查找树BSTree差不多,只不过平衡二叉树需要保持平衡,即每一个节点的左右两颗子树的高度小于等于1.这样就使得二叉搜索树保持最好的状态,不至于陷入链表的境地。
平衡二叉树的要点在于怎样保持平衡。要解决这个问题首先要搞清楚不平衡的集中条件。
平衡二叉树的失衡姿态。
对二叉树的描述我就使用插入顺序来描述了。
LL、RR、LR、RL
B1: 失衡结点
B2:失衡因节点,因为这个结点才失衡的。
B3:失衡因节点的一个祖宗&&失衡结点的一个孙子。
即寻找B3,既是B2的祖宗(自己可以是自己的祖宗),也是B1的孙子。
然后判断B3是B1的哪一个孙子即可得知是哪种情况。
这样直接判断可行性较低,除非在插入的时候明确知道失衡因子。
要想避开寻找失衡因子,可以从失衡结点向下判断两颗高度最大的子树,由这个方向来判断失衡姿态。
但是这样仍有一个问题就是这种情况:
8,4,2,6
失衡因子有两个 2,6 而且失衡银子本身就是失衡节点的孙子。
这样也有解决方案,在寻找两层高度最大的子树的时候将 大于 换为 大于等于 即可,其余同理。
在纠正姿态的时候可能存在数种不同的姿态错误,这时候应当遵循从左往右,从下往上的原则。
接口说明
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| #ifndef _AVLTREE_H #define _AVLTREE_H
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX(a,b) (a>b)?a:b
typedef struct AVLTREE { int Key; int Heigth; struct AVLTREE *Left; struct AVLTREE *Right; struct AVLTREE *Parent; } * AVLTree, *Node;
typedef enum { LL, LR, RL, RR, BALANCED }UNBALANCED_STATUS;
AVLTree AVLTree_Init();
AVLTree AVLTree_Create(int key);
UNBALANCED_STATUS AVLTree_judge_unbalance_status(AVLTree unbalanced_tree);
bool isancestor(AVLTree ancestor,AVLTree son);
AVLTree AVLTree_make_it_balance(AVLTree tree);
int avltree_height(AVLTree tree);
void preorder_avltree(AVLTree tree);
void inorder_avltree(AVLTree tree);
void postorder_avltree(AVLTree tree);
int update_avltree_heigth(AVLTree tree);
AVLTree search_unbalanced_tree(AVLTree tree);
AVLTree balance(AVLTree tree);
int height_avltree(AVLTree tree); void ll_rotation(AVLTree k2); void rr_rotation(AVLTree k2);
void print_avltree(AVLTree tree, int key, int direction);
AVLTree avltree_search(AVLTree tree, int key);
AVLTree iterative_avltree_search(AVLTree tree, int key);
AVLTree avltree_minimum(AVLTree tree);
AVLTree avltree_maximum(AVLTree tree);
AVLTree avltree_insert(AVLTree tree, int key);
AVLTree avltree_delete(AVLTree tree, int key);
void destroy_avltree(AVLTree tree);
#endif
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接口实现
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| #include "AVLTree.h"
AVLTree AVLTree_Init() { return NULL; }
AVLTree AVLTree_Create(int key) { AVLTree tree=(AVLTree)malloc(sizeof(struct AVLTREE)); tree->Key=key; tree->Heigth=0; tree->Left=NULL; tree->Right=NULL; tree->Parent=NULL; return tree; }
int avltree_height(AVLTree tree) { return tree->Heigth; }
void preorder_avltree(AVLTree tree) { if(!tree) return; printf("%d ",tree->Key); preorder_avltree(tree->Left); preorder_avltree(tree->Right); }
void inorder_avltree(AVLTree tree) { if(!tree) return; inorder_avltree(tree->Left); printf("key: %d height: %d\n",tree->Key,tree->Heigth); inorder_avltree(tree->Right); }
void postorder_avltree(AVLTree tree) { if(!tree) return; postorder_avltree(tree->Left); postorder_avltree(tree->Right); printf("%d ",tree->Key); }
int update_avltree_heigth(AVLTree tree) { if(tree==NULL) { return 0; } else { int hei_left=update_avltree_heigth(tree->Left); int hei_right=update_avltree_heigth(tree->Right); tree->Heigth=(MAX(hei_left,hei_right))+1; return tree->Heigth; } }
AVLTree search_unbalanced_tree(AVLTree tree) { if(tree==NULL) { return NULL; } update_avltree_heigth(tree); int hei_left=(tree->Left)?tree->Left->Heigth:0; int hei_right=(tree->Right)?tree->Right->Heigth:0; int hei_sub=abs(hei_left-hei_right); if(hei_sub<=1) { return NULL; } if(search_unbalanced_tree(tree->Left)!=NULL) { return search_unbalanced_tree(tree->Left); } if(search_unbalanced_tree(tree->Right)!=NULL) { return search_unbalanced_tree(tree->Right); } if(hei_sub>=2) { return tree; } }
AVLTree avltree_insert(AVLTree tree, int key) { AVLTree result=NULL; AVLTree tree_to_insert=AVLTree_Create(key); AVLTree p=tree; while(p) { if(p->Key<=key) { if(!p->Right) { p->Right=tree_to_insert; tree_to_insert->Parent=p; break; } else p=p->Right; } else if(p->Key>=key) { if(!p->Left) { p->Left=tree_to_insert; tree_to_insert->Parent=p; break; } p=p->Left; } } if(!tree) { tree=tree_to_insert; } return tree; }
AVLTree avltree_delete(AVLTree tree, int key) { AVLTree p=tree; AVLTree result=tree; while(p!=NULL) { if(p->Key<key) { p=p->Right; } else if(p->Key>key) { p=p->Left; } else { break; } } if(p==NULL) { printf("没有找到这个结点 %d \n",key); return NULL; } else { AVLTree tree_to_del=p; AVLTree pre_root=AVLTree_Create(0); pre_root->Left=tree; tree->Parent=pre_root; if((!tree_to_del->Left)&&(!tree_to_del->Right)) { if(tree_to_del->Parent->Left==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Left=NULL; if(tree_to_del->Parent->Right==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Right=NULL; free(tree_to_del); } else if((tree_to_del->Left!=NULL)&&(tree_to_del->Right==NULL)) {
if(tree_to_del->Parent->Left==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Left=tree_to_del->Left; if(tree_to_del->Parent->Right==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Right=tree_to_del->Left; tree_to_del->Left->Parent=tree_to_del->Parent; tree_to_del->Left->Heigth--; free(tree_to_del); } else if((tree_to_del->Left==NULL)&&(tree_to_del->Right!=NULL)) {
if(tree_to_del->Parent->Left==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Left=tree_to_del->Right; if(tree_to_del->Parent->Right==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Right=tree_to_del->Right; tree_to_del->Right->Parent=tree_to_del->Parent; tree_to_del->Right->Heigth--; free(tree_to_del); } else { if(tree_to_del->Parent->Left==tree_to_del) {
AVLTree MAX_Right=tree_to_del->Left; while(MAX_Right->Right) { MAX_Right=MAX_Right->Right; } MAX_Right->Right=tree_to_del->Right; tree_to_del->Right->Parent=MAX_Right;
if(tree_to_del->Parent->Left==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Left=tree_to_del->Left; if(tree_to_del->Parent->Right==tree_to_del) tree_to_del->Parent->Right=tree_to_del->Left; tree_to_del->Left->Parent=tree_to_del->Parent; tree_to_del->Left->Heigth--; free(tree_to_del); } } tree=pre_root->Left; } return tree; }
UNBALANCED_STATUS AVLTree_judge_unbalance_status(AVLTree unbalanced_tree) { AVLTree tree=unbalanced_tree; if(height_avltree(tree->Left)>=height_avltree(tree->Right)) { AVLTree tree_l=tree->Left; if(height_avltree(tree_l->Left)>=height_avltree(tree_l->Right)) { return LL; } else if(height_avltree(tree_l->Left)<height_avltree(tree_l->Right)) { return LR; } } else if(height_avltree(tree->Left)<height_avltree(tree->Right)) { AVLTree tree_r=tree->Right; if(height_avltree(tree_r->Left)>height_avltree(tree_r->Right)) { return RL; } else if(height_avltree(tree_r->Left)<=height_avltree(tree_r->Right)) { return RR; } } return BALANCED; }
AVLTree AVLTree_make_it_balance(AVLTree tree) { AVLTree result=tree; AVLTree preroot=AVLTree_Create(0); preroot->Left=tree; tree->Parent=preroot; update_avltree_heigth(tree); if(search_unbalanced_tree(tree)) { AVLTree unbalanced_tree=search_unbalanced_tree(tree); printf("结点:%d 不平衡\n",unbalanced_tree->Key); UNBALANCED_STATUS status=AVLTree_judge_unbalance_status(unbalanced_tree); if(status==LL) { printf("ll\n"); ll_rotation(unbalanced_tree); } else if(status==LR) { printf("lr\n"); AVLTree k1=unbalanced_tree->Left; AVLTree k2=unbalanced_tree; rr_rotation(k1); ll_rotation(k2); } else if(status==RR) { printf("rr\n"); rr_rotation(unbalanced_tree); } else if(status==RL) { printf("rl\n"); AVLTree k1=unbalanced_tree->Right; AVLTree k2=unbalanced_tree; ll_rotation(k1); rr_rotation(k2); } else { printf("balance\n"); } } else printf("树平衡\n"); result=preroot->Left; return result; } AVLTree balance(AVLTree tree) { while(search_unbalanced_tree(tree)) { tree=AVLTree_make_it_balance(tree); } return tree; }
int height_avltree(AVLTree tree) { if(tree==NULL) { return 0; } else return tree->Heigth; } void ll_rotation(AVLTree k2) { AVLTree k1 = k2->Left; if (k2->Parent->Left == k2) { k2->Parent->Left = k1; } else { k2->Parent->Right = k1; } k1->Parent=k2->Parent; k2->Left = k1->Right; if (k1->Right) k1->Right->Parent = k2; k2->Left=k1->Right; k2->Parent = k1; k1->Right = k2; } void rr_rotation(AVLTree k2) { AVLTree k1=k2->Right; if(k2->Parent->Left==k2) { k2->Parent->Left=k1; } else { k2->Parent->Right=k1; } k1->Parent=k2->Parent; if(k1->Left) k1->Left->Parent=k2; k2->Right=k1->Left; k2->Parent=k1; k1->Left=k2; }
AVLTree avltree_search(AVLTree tree, int key) { if(tree==NULL) { return NULL; } else if(tree->Key==key) { printf("找到了 %d \n",key); return tree; } else if(key<tree->Key) { return avltree_search(tree->Left,key); } else if(key>tree->Key) { return avltree_search(tree->Right,key); } }
AVLTree iterative_avltree_search(AVLTree tree, int key) { while(tree) { if(tree->Key==key) { printf("找到了 %d \n",tree->Key); return tree; } else if(tree->Key>key) { tree=tree->Left; } else if(tree->Key<key) { tree=tree->Right; } } }
AVLTree avltree_minimum(AVLTree tree) { AVLTree min=tree; if(min==NULL) { return NULL; } else { while(min->Left) { min=min->Left; } } return min; }
AVLTree avltree_maximum(AVLTree tree) { AVLTree max=tree; if(max==NULL) { return NULL; } else { while(max->Right) { max=max->Right; } } return max; }
void print_avltree(AVLTree tree, int key, int direction) { if(tree != NULL) { if(direction==0) printf("%2d is root\n", tree->Key, key); else printf("%2d is %2d's %6s child\n", tree->Key, key, direction==1?"right" : "left");
print_avltree(tree->Left, tree->Key, -1); print_avltree(tree->Right,tree->Key, 1); } }
void destroy_avltree(AVLTree tree) { if(tree==NULL) { return; } destroy_avltree(tree->Left); destroy_avltree(tree->Right); tree->Parent=NULL; tree->Left=NULL; tree->Right=NULL; free(tree); return; }
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接口使用
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| #include "avltree.c"
int main() { AVLTree tree=AVLTree_Init(); tree=avltree_insert(tree,10); tree=avltree_insert(tree,15); tree=avltree_insert(tree,8); tree=avltree_insert(tree,7); tree=avltree_insert(tree,9); inorder_avltree(tree); print_avltree(tree,tree->Key,0); tree=balance(tree); print_avltree(tree,tree->Key,0);
printf("search %d \n",avltree_search(tree,10)?avltree_search(tree,10)->Key:-1); printf("search %d \n",iterative_avltree_search(tree,7)?iterative_avltree_search(tree,7)->Key:-1); printf("min: %d \n",avltree_minimum(tree)->Key); printf("min: %d \n",avltree_maximum(tree)->Key); destroy_avltree(tree); }
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